MAJOR
DIVISIONS,DIVISIONS AND MAJOR GROUPS 1.1.
List of major divisions, divisions and major groups
Division |
Major group |
Title of category |
|
|
MAJOR
DIVISION 8: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND BUSINESS
SERVICES |
81 |
|
Financial intermediation, except
insurance and pension funding |
|
811 |
Monetary intermediation |
|
819 |
Other financial intermediation n.e.c. |
82 |
821 |
Insurance and pension funding, except
compulsory social security |
83 |
|
Activities auxiliary to financial
intermediation |
|
831 |
Activities auxiliary to financial
intermediation, except insurance and pension funding |
|
832 |
Activities auxiliary to insurance
and pension funding |
84 |
|
Real estate activities |
|
841 |
Real estate activities with own or
leased property |
|
842 |
Real estate activities on a fee or
contract basis |
85 |
|
Renting of machinery and equipment,
without operator, and of personal and household goods |
|
851 |
Renting of transport equipment |
|
852 |
Renting of other machinery and equipment |
|
853 |
Renting of personal and household
goods n.e.c. |
86 |
|
Computer and related activities |
|
861 |
Hardware consultancy |
|
862 |
Software consultancy and supply |
|
863 |
Data processing |
|
864 |
Data base activities |
|
865 |
Maintenance and repair of office,
accounting and computing machinery |
|
869 |
Other computer related activities |
87 |
|
Research and development |
|
871 |
Research and experimental development
of natural sciences and engineering |
|
872 |
Research and experimental development
of social sciences and humanities |
88 |
|
Other business activities |
|
881 |
Legal, accounting, bookkeeping and
auditing activities; tax consultancy; market research and public opinion
research; business and management consultancy |
|
882 |
Architectural, engineering and other
technical activities |
|
883 |
Advertising |
|
889 |
Business activities n.e.c. |
1.2.
THE DETAILED CLASSIFICATION
The italic headings indicate a logical grouping normally on a level
between that of the Division and the Major group and which does not have
a code but corresponds to "Division" in the ISIC. In cases where
these groupings correspond with major groups, the major group heading
is also in italics.
MAJOR DIVISION 8: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE
AND BUSINESS SERVICES
Title of category |
Division |
Major group |
Group |
Subgroup |
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, EXCEPT INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING |
81 |
|
|
|
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, EXCEPT INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING
(811 AND 819) |
|
|
|
|
MONETARY INTERMEDIATION |
|
811 |
8111 |
|
Central banking |
|
|
|
81110 |
Other monetary intermediation |
|
|
8112 |
|
Discount houses and commercial and other banking |
|
|
|
81121 |
Building society activities |
|
|
|
81122 |
OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION N.E.C |
|
819 |
|
|
Lease financing |
|
|
8191 |
81910 |
Other credit granting |
|
|
8192 |
81920 |
Other financial intermediation n.e.c. |
|
|
8199 |
81990 |
INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING, EXCEPT COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY |
82 |
|
|
|
INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING, EXCEPT COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY |
|
821 |
|
|
Life insurance |
|
|
8211 |
82110 |
Pension funding |
|
|
8212 |
82120 |
Medical aid funding |
|
|
8213 |
82130 |
Other insurance n.e.c. |
|
|
8219 |
82190 |
ACTIVITIES AUXILIARY TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION |
83 |
|
|
|
ACTIVITIES AUXILIARY TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION (831 AND
832) |
|
|
|
|
ACTIVITIES AUXILIARY TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, EXCEPT INSURANCE
AND PENSION FUNDING |
|
831 |
|
|
Administration of financial markets |
|
|
8311 |
83110 |
Security dealing activities |
|
|
8312 |
83120 |
Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation n.e.c. |
|
|
8319 |
83190 |
ACTIVITIES AUXILIARY TO INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING |
|
832 |
|
|
Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding |
|
|
8320 |
83200 |
REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES |
84 |
|
|
|
REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES (841 AND 842) |
|
|
|
|
REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES WITH OWN OR LEASED PROPERTY |
|
841 |
|
|
Property owning and letting |
|
|
8411 |
84110 |
Developing real estate, subdividing real estate into lots and
residential development on own account |
|
|
8412 |
84120 |
Owning and/or sale of own fixed property |
|
|
8413 |
84130 |
REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES ON A FEE OR CONTRACT BASIS |
|
842
|
|
|
Activities of estate agencies, rent collectors, appraisers and
valuers |
|
|
8421 |
84210 |
Subletting of fixed property |
|
|
8422 |
84220 |
RENTING OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, WITHOUT OPERATOR AND OF PERSONAL
AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS |
85 |
|
|
|
RENTING OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, WITHOUT OPERATOR AND OF
PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS (851, 852 AND 853) |
|
|
|
|
RENTING OF TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT |
|
851 |
|
|
Renting of land transport equipment |
|
|
8511 |
85110 |
Renting of water transport equipment |
|
|
8512 |
85120 |
Renting of air transport equipment |
|
|
8513 |
85130 |
RENTING OF OTHER MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT |
|
852 |
|
|
Renting of agricultural machinery and equipment |
|
|
8521 |
85210 |
Renting of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment |
|
|
8522 |
85220 |
Renting of office machinery and equipment (including computers) |
|
|
8523 |
85230 |
Renting of other machinery and equipment n.e.c. |
|
|
8529 |
85290 |
RENTING OF PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS N.E.C. |
|
853 |
|
|
Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c. |
|
|
8530 |
85300 |
COMPUTER AND RELATED ACTIVITIES |
86 |
|
|
|
COMPUTER AND RELATED ACTIVITIES (861, 862, 863, 864, 865 AND
869) |
|
|
|
|
HARDWARE CONSULTANCY |
|
861 |
8610 |
86100 |
SOFTWARE CONSULTANCY AND SUPPLY |
|
862 |
8620 |
86200 |
DATA PROCESSING |
|
863 |
8630 |
86300 |
DATA BASE ACTIVITIES |
|
864 |
8640 |
86400 |
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF OFFICE, ACCOUNTING AND COMPUTING MACHINERY |
|
865 |
8650 |
86500 |
OTHER COMPUTER RELATED ACTIVITIES |
|
869 |
8690 |
86900 |
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT |
87 |
|
|
|
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (871 AND 872) |
|
|
|
|
RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING |
|
871 |
|
|
General research, e.g. CSIR |
|
|
8711 |
87110 |
Agricultural and livestock research |
|
|
8712 |
87120 |
Medical and veterinary research, e.g. SA Medical Research Council |
|
|
8713 |
87130 |
Industrial research, e.g. fuel research |
|
|
8714 |
87140 |
Other research n.e.c. |
|
|
8719 |
87190 |
RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES |
|
872 |
8720 |
87200 |
OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES |
88 |
|
|
|
OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES (881, 882, 883 AND 889) |
|
|
|
|
LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, BOOKKEEPING AND AUDITING ACTIVITIES; TAX CONSULTANCY;
MARKET RESEARCH AND PUBLIC-OPINION RESEARCH; BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
CONSULTANCY |
|
881 |
|
|
Legal activities |
|
|
8811 |
|
Activities of attorneys, notaries and conveyancers |
|
|
|
88111 |
Activities of advocates |
|
|
|
88112 |
Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy |
|
|
8812 |
|
Activities of accountants and auditors registered in terms of the
Public Accountants and Auditors Act |
|
|
|
88121 |
Activities of cost and management accountants |
|
|
|
88122 |
Bookkeeping activities, including relevant data processing and tabulating
activities |
|
|
|
88123 |
Market research and public opinion polling |
|
|
8813 |
88130 |
Business and management consultancy activities |
|
|
8814 |
88140 |
ARCHITECTURAL, ENGINEERING AND OTHER TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES |
|
882 |
|
|
Architectural and engineering activities and related technical
consultancy |
|
|
8821 |
|
Consulting engineering activities |
|
|
|
88211 |
Architectural activities |
|
|
|
88212 |
Activities of quantity surveyors |
|
|
|
88213 |
Activities of land surveyors |
|
|
|
88214 |
Geological and prospecting activities on a fee or contract basis |
|
|
|
88215 |
Activities of non-registered architects, e.g. tracers and draughts-men
of plans for dwellings |
|
|
|
88216 |
Technical testing and analysis |
|
|
8822 |
|
Other activities - engineering and other commercial research, developing
and testing - e.g. SABS |
|
|
|
88220 |
ADVERTISING |
|
883 |
8831 |
|
Activities of advertising agents |
|
|
|
88311 |
Signwriting and industrial and commercial artistry |
|
|
|
88312 |
Other activities - window-dressing, etc. |
|
|
|
88319 |
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES N.E.C. |
|
889 |
|
|
Labour recruitment and provision of staff |
|
|
8891 |
|
Activities of employment agencies and recruiting organisations |
|
|
|
88911 |
Hiring out of workers (labour-broking activities) |
|
|
|
88912 |
Investigation and security activities |
|
|
8892 |
88920 |
Building and industrial plant cleaning activities |
|
|
8893 |
88930 |
Photographic activities |
|
|
8894 |
88940 |
Packaging activities |
|
|
8895 |
88950 |
Other business activities n.e.c. |
|
|
8899 |
|
Credit rating agency activities |
|
|
|
88991 |
Debt collecting agency activities |
|
|
|
88992 |
Stenographic, duplicating, addressing, mailing list and similar
activities |
|
|
|
88993 |
Other business activities n.e.c. |
|
|
|
88999 |
1.3. DESCRIPTIONS
OF INDUSTRIES
MAJOR DIVISION 8: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE
AND BUSINESS SERVICES
DIVISION 81: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, EXCEPT INSURANCE AND PENSION
FUNDING
This division includes the activity of obtaining and redistributing
funds, other than for the purpose of insurance and pension funding.
811
Monetary intermediation
This group includes the obtaining of funds in the form of deposits.
Deposits are defined as funds which are fixed in money terms, obtained
on a day-to-day basis and which are, apart from central banking, obtained
from non-financial sources.
81110
Central banking
This subgroup includes taking deposits which are used for clearance
between financial institutions, supervising banking operations, holding
the countrys exchange reserves, and issuing and managing the
countrys currency and acting as banker to the Government. The
following institutions are classified in this subgroup:
SA Reserve Bank
Corporation for Public Deposits (CPD)
8112
Other monetary intermediation
This group includes the monetary intermediation of monetary institutions
other than the central bank. Included are the activities of discount
houses, commercial banks, merchant banks, general banks, The Land
and Agricultural Bank of SA; the Post Office Savings Bank, building
societies and other deposit-taking institutions.
819
Other financial intermediation n.e.c.
This major group includes financial intermediation other than that
conducted by monetary institutions.
Exclusions:
Insurance and pension funding are classified under Division 82.
8191
Lease financing
Leasing where the term approximately covers the expected life of
the asset and the lessee acquires in essence all the benefits of its
use and takes all the risks associated with its ownership. The asset
may or may not eventually be transferred.
Exclusions:
Operational leasing is classified under Division 85 (Renting of machinery
and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods),
according to type of goods leased.
8192
Other credit granting
This group includes financial intermediation primarily concerned
with making loans by institutions not involved in monetary intermediation,
including the granting of consumer credit, the provision of long-term
finance to the industry, and money lending outside the banking system.
The granting of credit for house purchases by specialised institutions
that do not also take deposits is included in this subgroup.
Exclusions:
Lease financing is classified under group 8191 and operational leasing
under Division 85 (Renting of machinery and equipment, without operator,
and of personal and household goods).
8199
Other financial intermediation n.e.c.
This group includes other financial intermediation primarily concerned
with distributing funds other than by making loans. This includes
investment in securities (e.g. shares, bonds, bills, unit trust units,
etc.) including dealing for own account by securities dealers, investment
in property where this is carried out primarily for other financial
intermediaries (e.g. property unit trusts) and writing swaps, options
and other hedging arrangements. Activities of financial holding companies
are included.
Exclusions:
Lease financing is classified under group 8191.
Security dealing on behalf of others is classified under group 8312
(Security dealing activities).
The renting of property is classified under Division 84 (Real estate
activities).
Operational leasing is classified under Division 85 (Renting of machinery
and equipment, without operator, and of personal and household goods).
DIVISION 82: INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING, EXCEPT COMPULSORY SOCIAL
SECURITY
821
Insurance and pension funding,
except compulsory social security
This group includes long and short-term risk spreading with or without
a savings element.
8211
Life insurance
This group includes life insurance (including reinsurance) and other
long-term insurance, with or without a substantial savings element,
involving the collection and investment of funds.
8212
Pension funding
This group includes the provision of retirement incomes, including
activities involving the collection and investment of funds.
Exclusions:
The funding and administration of compulsory social security programmes
are classified under major group 911 (Central government activities).
8213
Medical aid funding
This group includes the funding of medical aid including activities
involving the collection and investment of funds.
8219
Other insurance n.e.c.
This group includes insurance (including reinsurance) of non-life
business (e.g. accident, fire, property, motor, marine, aviation,
transport, pecuniary loss and liability insurance).
DIVISION 83: ACTIVITIES AUXILIARY TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
This division includes the provision of services involved in or closely
related to financial intermediation, but not involved in financial
intermediation themselves.
831
Activities auxiliary to financial
intermediation, except insurance and pension funding
This major group includes activities involved in or closely related
to financial intermediation, other than insurance and pension funding,
but not involved in financial intermediation themselves.
8311 Administration of financial
markets
This group includes the operation and supervision of financial markets
other than by public authorities and includes the activities of the
stock exchange and other bodies that regulate or supervise the activities
of financial markets, including exchanges for commodity futures contracts.
8312
Security dealing activities
This group includes dealing in financial markets on behalf of others
(e.g. stock broking) and related activities.
Exclusions:
Dealing in markets on own account is classified under group 8199
(Other financial intermediation n.e.c.).
8319 Activities auxiliary to
financial intermediation n.e.c.
This group includes all activities auxiliary to financial intermediation
not classified elsewhere such as foreign exchange dealers; renting
of safe deposits; commodity and bullion exchanges; investment research
and counselling or investment advisers; stock quotation services;
lease and patent broking and licensing; holders of mineral rights
and other concerns receiving royalty; name and trade mark protection;
leasing of business licenses; and boards of executors; estate administrators,
trust companies and trust funds.
Exclusions:
Activities of insurance agents and other activities closely related
to insurance and pension funding are classified under group 8320 (Activities
auxiliary to insurance and pension funding).
832
8320 Activities auxiliary to insurance
and pension funding
This group includes activities involved in or closely related to
the management of insurance and pension funding, other than financial
intermediation. It includes the activities of insurance agents, average
and loss adjusters, actuaries and salvage administration.
Exclusions:
Marine salvage is classified under group 7413 (Other supporting transport
activities).
DIVISION 84: REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES
841
Real estate activities with own
or rented property
This major group includes the buying, selling, renting and operating
of owned or leased real estate, such as flats and dwellings and non-residential
buildings; developing and subdividing real estate into lots, etc.
Also included are land-jobbers and the development and sale of land.
Exclusions:
Development on own account involving construction, is classified
under major group 502 (Building of complete constructions or parts
thereof; civil engineering).
The operation of hotels, boarding houses, camps, caravan parks, holiday
farms, other accommodation, such as furnished holiday flats, is classified
under group 6410 (Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay
accommodation).
842
Real estate activities on a fee
or contract basis
This major group includes buying, selling, renting, managing and
appraising real estate on a fee or contract basis, such as the activities
of real estate agents, rent collectors, appraisers and valuers. The
sub-letting of fixed property is also included.
DIVISION 85: RENTING OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, WITHOUT OPERATOR,
AND OF PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS
In Division 85 the term "renting" includes leasing. The
machinery and equipment may be provided with or without maintenance.
851
Renting of transport equipment
8511
Renting of land transport equipment
This group includes the renting, without operator, of all kinds of
land transport equipment, e.g. railroad vehicles, cars, trucks, trailers,
motor cycles, caravans and campers. The renting of containers is also
included.
Exclusions:
The renting of vehicles with drivers is classified under group 7122
(Other non-scheduled passenger land transport) and 7123 (Freight transport
by road), respectively.
The financing of leases is classified under group 8191.
The renting of bicycles is classified under group 8530 (Renting of
personal and household goods n.e.c.).
8512
Renting of water transport equipment
This group includes the renting of water transport equipment, i.e.
commercial boats, houseboats and ships, without operator.
Exclusions:
The renting of water transport equipment with operator is classified
under the appropriate subgroup of Division 72 (Water transport).
Lease financing is classified under group 8191.
The renting of pleasure-boats is classified under group 8530 (Renting
of personal and household goods n.e.c.).
8513
Renting of air transport equipment
This group includes the renting of air transport equipment, i.e.
airplanes without operator.
Exclusions:
Renting of air transport equipment with operator is classified under
Division 73 (Air transport).
Lease financing is classified under group 8191.
852
Renting of other machinery and equipment
8521
Renting of agricultural machinery and
equipment
This group includes the renting of agricultural machinery and equipment
without operator.
Exclusions:
Renting of agricultural machinery and equipment with operators is
classified under group 1140 (Agricultural and animal husbandry services,
except veterinary activities).
Lease financing is classified under group 8191.
8522 Renting of construction
and civil engineering machinery and equipment
This group includes the renting of construction and civil engineering
machinery and equipment (including crane lorries) without operator.
Exclusions:
Renting of construction and civil engineering machinery or equipment
with operators is classified under group 5050 (Renting of construction
or demolition equipment with operators).
The renting together with the erection of scaffolding is also classified
under group 5050.
Lease financing is classified under group 8191.
8523 Renting of office machinery
and equipment (including computers)
This group includes the renting of all kinds of office machinery
and equipment, such as duplicating machines, typewriters and word
processing machines; of accounting machinery and equipment, such as
electronic calculating machines, cash registers and other machines
incorporating a calculating device; and of computing machinery and
equipment, such as automatic data processing machines of the digital,
analogue or hybrid type, central processing units, peripheral units
and magnetic or optical readers, without management or operation.
8529
Renting of other machinery and equipment
n.e.c.
This group includes the renting of all kinds of machinery, electrical
or not, which is generally used as capital goods by industries, such
as engines and turbines, machine tools, mining and oil field equipment,
commercial, radio, television and communication equipment, professional,
scientific, measuring and controlling and other commercial and industrial
machinery. Also included is renting of vending machines.
Exclusions:
Lease financing is classified under group 8191.
The renting of agricultural machinery and equipment is classified
under group 8521.
The renting of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment
is classified under group 8522.
The renting of office machinery and equipment (including computers)
is classified under group 8523.
The renting of protective devices such as alarm systems with a communication
service is classified under group 8892 (Investigation and security
activities).
853
8530 Renting of personal and household
goods n.e.c.
This group includes the renting of all kinds of personal and household
goods, whether the customers are households or industries. It involves
the renting of such goods as textiles, wearing apparel and footwear,
furniture, pottery and glass, kitchen and tableware, electrical appliances
and housewares, pleasure-craft and related facilities, saddle-horses,
bicycles, sports equipment, jewellery, musical instruments, television
sets, video machines, scenery and costumes, books, journals and magazines,
video tapes and records, etc.
Exclusions:
The renting without driver/operator of passenger vehicles, motor
cycles, caravans and trailers is classified under group 8511 (Renting
of land transport equipment).
The renting of linens, industrial work uniforms and related articles
by laundries is classified under subgroup 99010 (Washing and (dry)-cleaning
of textile and fur products).
The renting of leisure and pleasure equipment can also be undertaken
by the recreational industries and is then classified under the appropriate
group of Division 96 (Recreational, cultural and sporting activities).
DIVISION 86: COMPUTER AND RELATED ACTIVITIES
861
8610 Hardware consultancy
This group includes consultancy on the type and configuration of
hardware with or without associated software application. The consultancy
typically involves analysing the users needs and problems and
presenting the best solution.
Exclusions:
Similar activities carried out by units selling computers are classified
under group 3590 (Manufacture of office, accounting and computing
machinery) or under Division 61 (Wholesale trade and commission trade,
except of motor vehicles and motor cycles) or Division 62 (Retail
trade, except of motor vehicles and motor cycles; repair of personal
and household goods).
862
8620 Software consultancy and supply
This subgroup includes activities in connection with the analysis,
design and programming of systems ready for use. This usually involves
the analysis of the users needs and problems, consultancy on
the most economic solution and producing the necessary software to
realise this solution. Also included is the simple writing of programs
following directives of the user. Specifically, these activities involve
the development, production, supply and documentation of order-made
software based on orders from specific users and easy-order and ready-made
(non-customised) software.
Exclusions:
The reproduction of non-customised software is classified under group
3260 (Reproduction of recorded media).
Similar activities carried out as an integrated part of the reselling
of software are classified under group 6239 (Other retail sale in
specialised stores).
Software consultancy provided in conjunction with hardware consultancy
is classified under subgroup 86100.
863
8630 Data processing
This group includes the processing or tabulation of all types of
data. This may consist of the complete processing and preparation
of reports from data supplied by the customer. It may also be specialised,
such as key-punching or other input preparation, conversion, such
as diskette to tape, etc., or optical character recognition, etc.
The services may be supplied either over-the-counter or via remote
access terminals and may employ either the customers or a proprietary
program. Included is the provision of such services on an hourly or
time-share basis. Also included is the management and operation of
data processing facilities of others on a continuing basis.
Exclusions:
The renting of computers and computer-related hardware and calculating
machines are classified under group 8523 (Renting of office machinery
and equipment (including computers)).
The development of computer systems ready for use, including programming
is classified under group 8620 (Software consultancy and supply).
The maintenance and repair of computing machinery are classified
under subgroup 86500.
Data processing conducted as an ancillary service by business concerns
for own purposes.
864
8640 Data base activities
This group includes the following three types of data base related
activities:
- Data base development, i.e. the assembly of data from one or more
sources.
- Data storage, i.e. the preparation of a computer record for such
information in a predetermined format.
- Data base availability, i.e. the provision of data in a certain
order or sequence by on-line data retrieval or accessibility (Computerised
management). The data can be of any kind, such as financial, economical,
statistical or technical. The data may be accessible to everybody
or to limited users and can be sorted on demand.
Exclusions:
Computerised documentation activities provided by libraries and archives
are classified under subgroup 96310 (Library and archives activities).
The compilation of mailing lists is classified under subgroup 88993
(Stenographic, duplicating, addressing, mailing list and similar activities).
865
8650 Maintenance and repair of
office, accounting and computing machinery
This group includes the maintenance and repair of office and accounting
machinery and of computers and computer peripheral equipment.
869
8690 Other computer related activities
This group includes cable-laying for computer networks and other
computer related activities n.e.c.
DIVISION 87: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
This division includes the performance of the following three types
of activities:
- Basic research, experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily
to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena
and observable facts, without particular application or use in view.
- Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order
to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards
a specific practical aim or objective.
- Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing
knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, that is
directed towards producing new materials, products and devices, to
installing new processes, systems and services, and to improving those
already produced or installed.
The basic criterion for distinguishing research and development from
related activities, is the presence of an appreciable element of novelty
in research and development.
Exclusions:
The government administration of research and development and of
associated funds in the various natural or social sciences are classified
under the appropriate subgroup of Division 91 (Public administration
and defence activities).
The administration and support of defence related applied research
and experimental development are also classified under Division 91.
Education combined with research and development is classified in
the appropriate subgroup of Division 92 (Education).
The raising and management of research and development funds for
medical and other social related research, and development by charities
is classified under group 9330 (Social work activities).
Technical testing and analysis is classified under group 8822 (Technical
testing and analysis).
871
Research and experimental development
on natural sciences and engineering
This major group includes systematic creative work done in the three
types of activities in the field of research and development defined
above. It takes place in natural sciences (mathematics, physics, astronomy,
chemistry, life sciences not elsewhere classified, earth sciences,
etc.), medical sciences, agriculture and engineering and technology.
The purpose is to increase the stock of knowledge and to devise new
applications of this knowledge.
872
8720 Research and experimental
development on social sciences and humanities
This group includes systematic creative work done in the three types
of activities in the field of research and development defined above.
It takes place in social sciences (economics, psychology, sociology,
legal sciences, etc.) and humanities (e.g. linguistics and languages
and arts). The purpose is to increase the stock of knowledge and to
devise new applications of this knowledge.
Exclusions:
Marketing research is classified under group 8813 (Marketing research
and public opinion polling).
DIVISION 88: OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
881
Legal, accounting, book-keeping
and auditing activities; tax consultancy, market
research and public opinion research; business and management consultancy
8811
Legal activities
This group includes advice and representation in civil, criminal
and other cases, i.e. the representation of one partys interest
against another party, whether or not before courts or other judicial
bodies. These activities are generally performed by or under the supervision
of persons who are members of the bar, such as advocates or barristers
and solicitors, attorneys or lawyers in private practice.
Civil cases involve the infringement of an individuals or body
corporates private or civil rights, such as liability cases,
divorce cases, etc. Criminal actions are cases involving offences
against the State and are usually instigated by the Government. The
giving of advice in connection with labour disputes, general counselling
and advising, the preparation of legal documents which do not directly
involve a legal suit or which are related to articles of incorporation,
partnership agreements or similar documents in connection with company
formation. Also included are activities in connection with patents
and copyrights, with the preparation of deeds, wills, trusts, etc.,
and the activities of notaries (public).
Exclusions:
Law court activities are classified under Division 91 (Public administration
and defence activities).
Arbitration and conciliation between managements and labour are included
in group 8814 (Business and management consultancy activities).
8812
Accounting, book-keeping and auditing
activities; tax consultancy
This group includes activities involving the recording of commercial
transactions for businesses or others, the preparation of financial
accounts, the examination of these accounts and the certification
of their accuracy and the preparation of personal and business income
tax returns.
Included are related advisory activities and representation (other
than legal representation) on behalf of clients before tax authorities.
Exclusions:
Data processing and tabulation activities are classified under group
8630 (Data processing).
Activities involving management consultancy by units that do not
provide accounting or auditing services, e.g. the design of accounting
systems, cost accounting programmes, budgetary control procedures,
etc., are classified under group 8814 (Business and management consultancy
activities).
Bill collection is classified under group 8899 (Other business activities
n.e.c.).
8813
Marketing research and public opinion
polling
This group includes investigations into market potential, acceptance
and familiarity of products and buying habits of consumers for the
purpose of sales promotion and development of new products. Also included
are investigations into collective opinions of the public about political,
economic and social issues.
8814 Business and management consultancy
activities
This group includes the giving of advice, guidance or operational
assistance to businesses. These activities involve public relations
e.g. through image-building and opinion-moulding, to improve the relations
of the client with the public, the media or others, other than by
paid advertisements, welfare and charity affairs, politics, lobbying.
Activities in connection with planning, organisation, efficiency and
control, management information, etc. Combined management consultancy
and actual management, e.g. by agronomists and agricultural economists
to farmers, etc. Arbitration and conciliation between management and
labour. Also included are activities of management holding companies.
Exclusions:
Computer activities are classified under Division 86.
Legal advice and representation are classified under group 8811 (Legal
activities).
Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing activities and tax consultancy
are classified under group 8812.
Marketing research and public opinion research are classified under
group 8813.
Technical advisory activities are classified under group 8821 (Architectural
and engineering activities and related technical consultancy).
Advertising activities are classified under group 8831.
The administrative head office of a firm is classified under the
same subgroup allocated to the firm according to its main activity.
882
Architectural, engineering and
other technical activities
8821
Architectural and engineering activities
and related technical consultancy
This group includes consulting architectural and engineering activities,
surveying, geological exploration and prospecting activities and engineering.
Architectural activities include the designing of building and the
drafting and often supervision of construction, town and city planning
and landscape architecture. Engineering and technical activities include
specialised activities related to civil engineering, hydraulic engineering,
traffic engineering including project management on a fee basis for
constructions, electrical and electronic engineering, mining engineering,
chemical engineering, mechanical, industrial and systems engineering,
air-conditioning, refrigerating, sanitary and pollution control engineering,
acoustical engineering, etc. Geological and prospecting activities
use surface measurements and observation designed to yield information
on subsurface structure and the location of petroleum, natural gas
and mineral deposits and of ground water. This may involve airborne
geophysical surveys, hydrological surveys, etc. Also included are
map-making and related land surveying activities.
Exclusions:
Engineering and technical activities not carried out on a fee or
contract basis but as an ancilliary service for own account by concerns
e.g. project management for construction by construction concerns,
is classified under the main activities of such concerns.
Test drilling and testhole boring in connection with petroleum and
gas extraction is classified under subgroup 22110 (Extraction of crude
petroleum and natural gas).
Prospecting by mines for own purposes is classified under the appropriate
groups of Major division 2 (Mining and quarrying).
Research and development activities are classified under Division
87.
Technical testing is classified under group 8822 (Technical testing
and analysis).
Interior decorating is classified under group 8899 (Other business
activities n.e.c.).
8822
Technical testing and analysis
This group includes testing of all types of materials and products.
The testing of their composition and purity, e.g. of minerals, food,
etc. Qualification and reliability testing, the certification of products,
failure analysis, materials evaluation, etc. Testing the physical
characteristics and performance of products or materials, e.g. for
their strength, thickness, durability, electrical conductivity, radioactivity,
etc. Also included are the testing of textiles, the radiographic testing
of welds and joints and the performance testing of complete machinery,
motors, automobiles, appliances or electronic equipment, whether or
not with the use of models or mock-ups of ships, aircraft, dams, etc.
Exclusions
The testing and analysis of medical and dental specimens are classified
under group 9319 (Other human health activities).
Research and development is classified under Division 87 (Research
and development).
883
Advertising
This group includes the provision of advertising services. Advertising
agency activities include creating and placing advertisements in periodicals
and newspapers and on radio and television for clients. Included is
the writing of advertising copy, commercial art work and signwriting.
Outdoor advertising, e.g. billboards, panels, window-dressing, showroom
design, car and bus carding, etc. Media representation, i.e. the sale
of time and space for various media soliciting advertising. Aerial
advertising. The distribution or delivery of advertising material
or samples. Also included is the renting of space for advertising.
Exclusions:
The printing of advertising material is classified under group 3251
(Printing).
Marketing research is classified under group 8813.
The manufacture of advertising displays and numberplates and signs
is classified under subgroup 39294.
Public relations activities are classified under group 8814 (Business
and management consultancy activities).
Direct mailing activities are classified under subgroup 88993 (Stenographic,
duplicating, addressing, mailing list and similar activities).
The production of commercial messages for radio, television and film
are classified under the appropriate subgroup of major group 961 (Motion
picture, radio and television and other entertainment activities).
889
Business activities n.e.c.
8891
Labour recruitment and provision of personnel
This class includes staff recruitment, selection, referral and placement
in connection with employment in any field. The services may be supplied
to the potential employer or to the prospective employee and may involve
the formulation of job descriptions, the screening and testing of
applicants, the investigation of references, etc.
Executive recruitment and placement activities are included, as are
labour contracting activities, i.e. the supply to others, chiefly
on a temporary basis, of staff who are hired by and whose emoluments
are paid by the agency.
Exclusions:
Activities of farm labour contractors are classified under group
1140 (Agricultural and animal husbandry services, except veterinary
activities).
Agency activities are classified under group 8899 (Other business
activities n.e.c.).
Motion picture and other theatrical casting activities are classified
under group 9649 (Other recreational activities).
8892 Investigation and security
activities
This group includes investigation and surveillance activities, guard
and other protective activities for individuals and property. This
involves the checking of individuals backgrounds, the tracing
of missing persons, the investigation of thefts and embezzlements,
patrol or other activities with primarily hired staff directly to
protect individuals or property, e.g. the transport of valuables,
or other means of protection with the same purpose, such as guard
dogs, armoured cars, etc. Also included are bodyguard activities,
street patrols, guard and watchman activities for flat and office
buildings, offices, factories, construction sites, hotels, theatres,
dance halls, etc. and store detective activities and activities such
as monitoring mechanical or electrical protective devices, as well
as the renting of alarm systems with a communication service and consultancy
in the field of industrial security, fingerprinting, signature and
handwriting identification, etc.
Exclusions:
The installation of alarm systems is classified under major group
503 (Building installation).
Investigations in connection with insurance are classified under
group 8320 (Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding).
8893 Building and industrial plant
cleaning activities
This group includes the cleaning of buildings of all types, including
offices, factories, shops, institutions and other business and professional
premises and residential buildings. It involves the interior cleaning
of buildings, e.g. floor cleaning and waxing, the interior cleaning
of walls, furniture polishing, etc. and window-cleaning, inside and
outside, for offices, industrial plants, factories and flat and office
buildings, chimney-cleaning and the cleaning of fireplaces, furnaces,
incinerators, ventilation ducts and exhaust units, etc. Also included
are disinfecting and exterminating activities.
Exclusions:
Steam-cleaning, sand-blasting and similar activities for building
exteriors and the cleaning of new buildings after construction are
classified under major group 504 (Building completion).
The chemical cleaning (decalcification) of boiler interiors is classified
under group 3543 (Manufacture of steam generators, except central
heating hot water boilers).
The interior cleaning of bulk storage tanks is classified under group
3542 (Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and similar containers of metal).
Carpet and rug shampooing and drapery and curtain-cleaning are classified
under subgroup 99010 (Washing and (dry-) cleaning of textile and fur
products).
Similar activities carried out by private households employing domestics
are classified under subgroup 01000 (Private households with employed
persons).
8894
Photographic activities
This group includes all commercial and consumer photograph production,
and the processing of photographs and motion pictures. Photograph
production involves portrait photography, e.g. for passports, schools,
weddings or other occasions (including by coin-operated cameras) and
photography for commercials, publishers, fashion, real estate or tourism
purposes, etc. Aerial photography is included.
Film processing includes developing, printing and enlarging from
client-taken negatives or motion pictures, whether for amateur photographers
or for commercial clients.
Also included is the mounting of slides and copying and restoring
or transparency retouching in connection with old photographs.
Also included is the production of video tape recordings for consumers
such as video tape recordings at weddings.
Exclusions:
The processing of motion picture film related to the motion picture
and television industries is classified under subgroup 96111 (Motion
picture and video production and distribution).
8895
Packaging activities
This group includes packaging activities on a fee or contract basis,
such as mixing and filling of aerosols, cans, bottles, etc., the packaging
of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., card-mounting of novelties and
buttons, labelling, stamping and imprinting, parcel packing and gift
wrapping, whether or not this involves an automated process.
Exclusions:
Packaging activities not carried out on a fee or contract basis but
as an ancillary service by concerns, e.g. the packaging of own manufactured
products by factories or the bottling of fresh milk by retailers for
retail distribution, are classified under the main activities of such
concerns.
Packaging activities for transport are classified under group 7419
(Activities of other transport agencies).
Bulk packaging of agricultural products is classified under subgroup
11400 (Agricultural and animal husbandry services, except veterinary
activities).
8899
Other business activities n.e.c.
This group includes a great variety of service activities generally
delivered to commercial clients. It involves -
- debt collecting and the credit rating of individuals and firms;
- business brokerage activities, i.e. arranging for the purchase
and sale of small and medium-sized businesses, including professional
practices;
- appraisal activities other than for real estate and insurance;
- stenographic, duplicating and mailing activities, including typing
and other secretarial activities, such as transcribing from tapes,
discs or belts, proofreading, etc., copying, blue printing, multigraphing
and similar activities, the addressing and dispatch of mail, mailing
list compilation, etc., including mailing lists for advertising material;
- fashion designing related to textiles, wearing apparel, shoes,
jewellery, furniture and other interior decoration and other fashion
goods;
- demonstration and exhibition activities;
- editorial activities;
- translation and interpretation activities;
- microfilming activities;
- trading stamp activities; and
- telephone answering activities.
Also included are activities carried on by agencies on behalf of
individuals, usually involving the obtaining of engagements in motion
pictures, theatrical production or other entertainment or sports attractions.
Exclusions:
Extending credit through the use of credit cards is classified under
group 8192 (Other credit granting).
Machinery and industrial design are classified under group 8821 (Architectural
and engineering activities and related technical consultancy).
The display of advertisement and other advertising designing are
classified under group 8831 (Advertising).
Duplicating activities of printers are classified under group 3251
(Printing).
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