The total turnover of annual financial statistics (AFS) industries1 was estimated at R8 795 199 million (R8,8 trillion) for 2016, an increase of 6,3% compared with the revised estimate of R8 270 747 million (R8,3 trillion) for 2015. Between 2015 and 2016 turnover increased in all industries covered by the survey. The largest percentage increases were reported in forestry and fishing (+12,5%) and construction (+12,5%), followed by electricity, gas and water supply (+12,2%), community, social and personal services2 (+11,5%), trade (+8,4%), activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, real estate and other business services3 (+5,2%), manufacturing (+4,2%), transport, storage and communication (+2,5%) and mining and quarrying (+1,5%). Purchases amounted to R5 265 258 million in 2016, representing an increase of 6,7% compared with the revised estimate for 2015. Community, social and personal services2 reported the largest increase (+12,7%), followed by forestry and fishing (+10,9%), mining and quarrying (+10,5%), trade (+9,2%), electricity, gas and water supply (+7,5%), construction (+6,3%), activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, real estate and other business services3 (+3,4%), manufacturing (+3,3%) and transport, storage and communication (+2,6%). Employment cost amounted to R1 205 583 million in 2016, representing an increase of 8,1% compared with the revised estimate for 2015. Construction reported the largest increase (+15,2%), followed by electricity, gas and water supply (+12,3%), community, social and personal services2 (+12,0%), activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, real estate and other business services3 (+10,1%), forestry and fishing (+8,7%), manufacturing (+7,0%), transport, storage and communication (+6,7%), mining and quarrying (+6,1%) and trade (+5,6%). Capital expenditure on assets amounted to R492 274 million in 2016, representing an increase of 1,5% compared with the revised estimate for 2015. The largest increase was reported in forestry and fishing (+40,6%), followed by electricity, gas and water supply (+13,2%), trade (+8,6%), manufacturing (+1,8%) and activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, real estate and other business services3 (+1,7%). Decreases were reported for mining and quarrying (-10,1%), construction (-7,0%), community, social and personal services2 (-5,4%) and transport, storage and communication (-0,2%). The carrying value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets amounted to R2 850 616 million in 2016, an increase of 4,7% compared with the revised estimate for 2015. The largest increase was reported in electricity, gas and water supply (+15,0%), followed by forestry and fishing (+14,0%), activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, real estate and other business services3 (+9,8%), transport, storage and communication (+7,3%), community, social and personal services2 (+6,5%), construction (+3,9%), trade (+3,3%) and manufacturing (+0,2%). A decrease was reported for mining and quarrying (-3,8%).